2005
[Vol. 36, No.8 August ] 2005
Excavation of
Takaoka Tunnel of Hokuriku Shinkansen under Road Tunnel using Measurement
System
By Junichi
Yorita, Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency
The
north section of Takaoka Tunnel of Hokuriku Shinkansen (Superexpress Railway)
passes under Nakano Tunnel crosswise, which is a tunnel of Shiga-Nakano
Expressway leading to Shiga Highlands. Nakano Tunnel was complete in 1998
before Nagao Winter Olympic Games and is now under operation. Before the
construction of Nakano Tunnel, we discussed the measures to protect this road
tunnel against the impact of excavation of Takaoka Tunnel with the owner of
Nakano Tunnel. According to the decision of this meeting, the structure of
secondary lining of Nakano Tunnel in the crossing area is the RC one. And,
during the excavation of Takaoka Tunnel, several kinds of measurement were
done in Nakano Tunnel. This paper reports the measures to protect Nakano
Tunnel and the measurement system adopted in this project.
Breakthrough
of Twin Tunnel with Large Section in Fractured Zone, project of Fuji-River
Tunnel of Tomei Expressway No.2
By Masahiko
Ohnishi, Japan Highway Public Corporation
Fuji-River Tunnel of Tomei Expressway is a twin
tunnel having the length of 4500 m. The middle of this tunnel that is located
in the squeezing ground having fractured zone with faults. The competence
factor of ground in this section is 0.3 to 0.7. We were concerned about the
damage of lining by the pressure of squeezing ground and negative impact to
the preceding tunnel by the excavation of following tunnel because the
construction of twin tunnel having a large section in this kind of ground
condition was unprecedented. Due to the above-mentioned reasons, the TMB
pilot and enlargement excavation method was adopted in this project. The
construction of this tunnel was successful without the replacing of
timbering. This paper introduces the concept of design, the excavation method
and the field observation adopted in this project.
Protection of
Underground Station against Rising of Ground Water Table
By Kenichi
Kusumi, East Japan Railway Company, LTD.
Ueno Underground Station of Tohoku Shinkansen
(Superexpress Railway), which was complete in 1985, has the depth of 30m and
the box frame substructure of 4 stories and 6 spans. The deformation of the
lowest slab and the uplifting of this station were expected due to the rising
of water table. The counterweight method using ingots of steel and the
permanent ground anchor method were adopted to prevent the uplift of station.
These works were done close to railway lines under operation. This paper
presents these measures.
Construction
of New Intake Water Tunnel close to Existing Water Tunnel
By Saburo
Ishii. Shimizu Corporation
Before the raising works of Shin-Katsurazawa Dam,
the new intake water tunnel was constructed close to the existing water
tunnel. In this project, some measures to mitigate the vibration were
adopted. We recognized the following results through the construction of this
tunnel
1) Regardless of performance of center-cut or side
holes, the blasting by electronic detonators made the maximum vibration
velocity in different stages. The K-value by this system is approximately
equal to the one of center-first cut blasting using usual detonators.
2) If the distance is less than 15 m, the measured
value of vibration velocity and the expected value of it by the formula is
largely different. This phenomenon would be caused by the linear relation
between the vibration velocity and the K-value (the more the vibration
velocity, the more the K-value).
3) The K-value is anisotropic due to the direction
of transmission of vibration. This value in transverse direction is smaller
than the one in longitudinal direction.
4) If the distance between the existing tunnel and
the tunnel to be excavated is less than 10 m, the mechanical excavation was
adopted because the drill and blast method was inappropriate.
Experimental
Study on Burn-Cut Method using Small Holes
By Ko Kawano,
Dyno Nobel Japan, Co., LTD.
This paper discusses the study on the burn-cut
method for the center-cut using shot holes and relief holes.
The diameter of relief hole is same as the one of
shot hole and one shot has 4 to 6 relief holes. We studied the mechanism of
fracture of face by observing development of cracks. It is clarified that,
due to the proper selection of ratio of numbers between shot holes and relief
holes, the cracks are developed both in longitudinal direction and in
transverse one to make center-cut.
[Vol. 36, No.7 July] 2005
Breakthrough
of Iiyama Tunnel using New Support System in Swelling Ground- Konari and
Itakura Sections of Iiyama Tunnel Project of Hokuriku Shinkansen
(Superexpress Railway)
By Atsushi
Nakamura, Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency
Iiyama Tunnel having the length of 22.2 km is
located between Nagano Prefecture and Niigata Prefecture. The construction
project of this tunnel is divided into 6 sections including Konari Section
and Itakura Section. These two sections are in fractured zones with faults
and swelling ground (the disturbed zones). The new support system using the
high strength initial support and the rapid construction method of secondary
lining was adopted to excavate this tunnel in the disturbed zones and the
analysis to predict the ground movement was done. The tunnel was safely
excavated using this system. The convergence was up to 50 ㎜. This paper reports the new system adopted to this project and the
result of measurement.
Application of
Chemical Injection Method using Inorganic Ultrafine Particles to Oshino
Tunnel
By Yoichi
Wakao, Yamanashi Prefecture
Oshino Tunnel in Yamanaka-Ko Oshino Fujiyoshida
Prefectural Road having the length of 757 m joins Oshino Village, Yamanashi
Prefecture and Fujiyoshida City.
This tunnel was constructed with the NATM.
The AGF Method (the All Ground Fasten Method) and
the reinforcement method as the auxiliary methods at the foot part was
adopted at the portal, where the geology was unsolid sediment of volcanic ash
with scoria, and the forepoling method was adopted in the transition section
from unsolid ground to solid one. They were to stabilize the face and lining.
And, the chemical injection method using ultrafine particles with good gel
property was adopted to control the inflow of ground water into the tunnel
without the negative impacts to ground water. This paper introduces this
chemical injection method.
Freezing
Method applied to Electric Cable Duct Tunnel - Tunnel Project for Ultra-High
Voltage Cable in Ushijima Town by Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc.
By Toshio
Takagi, Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc.
The ultra-high voltage cable tunnel project in
Ushijima Town, 30 km north from JR Nagoya Station, is one part of the urban
redevelopment plan in Ushijima South District where is in the residential
area in the Category I. This urban redevelopment plan has been promoted by
the redevelopment association comprising Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. and
other landowners since 2000. The Phase One of this plan consisted of the
destruction of buildings and the construction of electric cable tunnel,
substation and related facilities, and was completed in the end of 2003.
.The electric cable tunnel construction project
consisted of the construction of tunnel and shaft to extend the existing
electric cable of 275 kV (Kaifu-Meijo Line) and draw it into newly built
underground ultra-high voltage substation of Chub Electric Power Co., Inc,
using the πjointing system.
This paper reports the freezing method to protect
the joint part of this tunnel 30 m below ground and how to predict the ground
movement caused by to the freezing method, and the measures against it.
Extension
Project of Tozai Line of Kyoto Subway
By Mamoru
Furukawa, Kyoto Municipal Transportation Bureau
This paper reports the shield tunnelling project of
Tozai Line of Kyoto Subway between Nijo and Tenjingawa, which began on
November. 2002.
In Nijo West section, the tunnel is excavated with
twin single-track shields. The belt conveyor system using Hume pipes was used
for the efficient mucking from the shaft to the narrow construction yard on
the surface. In the shaft, the SEW System (the Shield Earth Retaining Wall
System) was adopted to save manual works.
In Nishi-Oji West section, the tunnel was excavated
with a double-track EPB-shield. The excavation works were done with the
serious drive control without auxiliary methods to mitigate the impact
against the existing water pipe crossing this tunnel that was constructed in
1960s.
Excavated soil after the treatment was reused in
the invert of tunnel to save the cost and mitigate the emission of the
greenhouse gases.
Fire-Proof
System applied to Road Tunnel - Akita Central Road Tunnel constructed by
Shield Tunnelling Method
By Takeshi
Honda, Akita Prefecture
The measure against fires in tunnel is a worldwide
theme and the structural approaches and the methods to verify the performance
of them are not yet established.
Akita Central Road joins the east district of JR
Akita Station and the west one. Most sections of it were constructed with the
shield tunnelling method. In this shield tunnel, the newly developed
fire-proof system not using the secondary lining applied to the segmental
lining was used to mitigate damages by fire caused by traffic accident. We
made a heating test using a full-scale model and verified the performance of
this system. This paper reports the fire-proof structure applied to Akita Central
Tunnel and proposes the concept for the fire-proof system in tunnel.
[Vol. 36, No.6 June] 2005
Breakthrough
of Hakkoda Tunnel in Tohoku Shinkansen (Superexpress railway)
Hirotoshi Kimura,
Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency
The excavation works of Hakkoda Tunnel
in Tohoku Shinkansen, which is located between Temmarin Village, Aomori Prefecture
and Aomori City, was complete on February 27, 2005. The length of this tunnel
is 26.455 km and the longest among tunnels excluding undersea tunnels in the
world.
This tunnel project was divided into 6 sections.
The excavation began on March, 1998 and ended on February, 2005. The measures
against environmental pollution by acid ground water were required because
this tunnel penetrated fractured zones and spring water zones in metamorphic
rocks made by the volcanic action of Hakkoda Mountain.
This paper reports the construction program and
construction results of this project.
Shield Tunnel Construction adjacent to
Existing Structures - Kami-Ochiai Section of Metropolitan Circular Expressway
Isao
Kamegaya, Metropolitan Expressway Public Corporation
Kami-Ochiai Expressway Tunnel is twin
one constructed with two slurry shields with a diameter of 11.42 m. This
tunnel is adjacent to existing tunnels and lifelines such as the subway, the
communication tunnel of NTT and the gas pipe and the shields passed beneath
the ventilation shaft for this expressway under construction with the
clearance of 1.0 m and with the distance of 244 m. The intelligent
construction system made this project successful without the negative impact
against the existing substructures. This paper presents the construction
records of this shield tunnel project.
Construction of Subway Station by Cut
& Cover Method under Sewer Main - Takadamachi Station Section of Yokohama
Municipal Subway Line No.4
Transportation Bureau, City of Yokohama
Yokohama Municipal Subway
Line No.4 is one part of the circular line of railway network in Yokohama
City and will join Hiyoshi Station of Tokyu-To-Yoko Line, leading to Shibuya,
Tokyo, and Nakayama Station of JR-Yokohama Line, and have a length of 13.1 km
and 10 stations.
Takadamachi Station, next to Hiyoshi Station of
Tokyu-To-Yoko Line but one, is under construction by the cut and cover
method. This paper reports the construction works of this station including
the undermining method and others (the suspension system or the supporting
system) to protect Takada Storm-Water Sewer Main overlying this station.
Application of Machine for Pipe Jacking
Method convertible into Shield Machine -
Yagawa Storm-Water Sewer Main
Tsuneto Takaso, Tokyo Metropolitan Government
The
bored tunnelling method is often adopted to construct sewers in Tokyo in
consideration of narrow construction space, existing substructures and
traffic condition on surface. These conditions lead to the difficulty to secure
construction yard and the adoption of sharply curved alignment. In Yagawa
Sewer Main Project, the machine for the pipe jacking method convertible into
the shield machine is adopted to settle the problems under above-mentioned
construction conditions, mitigate the negative impacts against environment
and reduce the construction cost. This paper introduces the planning of this
project.
Study on Risk Management and Prediction
of Ground Movement by Tunnel Excavation in Gravel Layers
Ko-ichi Takahashi, Japan Railway
Construction, Transport and Technology Agency
The chemical injection
method with the specific resistance tomography method and the deep well
method was adopted to construct the station by jointing the shaft and shield
tunnel in the aquifer of Tokyo-gravel layer to mitigate the risk of seepage
water and secure safe works. And, the two-dimensional FEM and
three-dimensional one were adopted to predict the ground behavior in
consideration of the process of construction works. After the construction,
the reversed FEM analysis using non-liner elasto-plastic model was done. This
paper proposes the two dimensional model to predict ground behavior simply
and realistically.
Abridged Japanese
translation of "Risk in Tunnelling: Analysis and Procedures relating to
the Zimmerberg Tunnel" by Prof.Dr.K.Kovari, Tunnel 6/2000 issued by
STUVA
Translated by Tatsutoshi Kondo, Geofront Partners
This paper discusses the following themes.
1)
To define
technical terms on risk and uncertainty to have common recognition on them
2)
To
quantify the risk by the product of amount of damage and the incidence
(probability) of risk
3)
To
identify certainties and uncertainties in tunnel project and evaluate them
without bias
4)
To
mitigate the risks by understanding of all of persons in charge of tunnel
project on safety program
Theme No.4 is important not only for success of
tunnel project but also for management of organization of client or
contractor. Theme No2. suggests damages by unexpected risk. This paper proposes
the approach to identify risks on irreversible tunnel project that it is
difficult to predict with the probability method.
[Vol. 36, No. 5 May] 2005
Construction of Tunnel having Very Large
Section in Unsolid Ground South
Section of Minoo Tunnel
By Norishige Taketomo, Osaka Prefectural Road Public Corporation
Minoo Tunnel is one
part of Minoo toll road and the length of south section of it is 2.2 km. It
was constructed in Osaka StrataGroup, unsolid ground, and its excavation
section area was up to 313 m 2. The construction records of heading before
the excavation of main tunnel contributed to the design and investigation of
construction method of main tunnel. The side wall drifts followed by benching
method, the top drift followed by excavation method and the side drifts
followed by excavation method were choices and the last one was selected.
The pipe roof
method was adopted as an auxiliary method if the section area was over 300m
2, and the forepoling and the face bolting were done if it was 300 m 2 or
less. This paper reports the construction records of this tunnel with a very
large section including the measurement.
Construction of Connection Pass under Entrance/Exit
of Subway constructed in Soft GroundPass jointing Ichinoe Station of Shinjuku
Line, Tokyo Metropolitan Subway, and Bicycle Parking
By Masaki Sano,
Tokyo Metropolitan Government
This paper presents
the construction of pass jointing the underground bicycle parking having the
capacity of 2,500 bicycles under construction and the entrance/exit of
Ichinoe Station under operation. Edogawa Ward, Tokyo, awarded this project to
Transportation Bureau of Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Transportation Bureau
of Tokyo Metropolitan Government adopted the roof and culver method （the R&C method） to construct the pass without the
interference to passengers using the entrance/exit. This paper also reports
the outline of R&C method.
Strategy of Tunnel Construction in
squeezing Ground
By Hiroshi Takahashi, Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co.,Ltd.
Tunnelling Engineer
in charge designs support type of tunnel to be constructed in squeezing
ground , where troubles and accidents often happen during tunnel
construction, and make construction program including construction method,
according to his own experience. We collected the construction records of
tunnels in squeezing ground and classified them systematically. This study
proposes the standards for design and construction method to execute road
tunnels having two lanes and Shinkansen （Superexpress） tunnels in squeezing ground.
Damages of Railway Tunnels by Niigata
Chuetsu Earthquake
By Mitsuru Shimizu, East Japan Railway Co., Ltd.
The transportation
systems such as Joetsu Shinkansen （Superexpress
railway）, Joetsu railway, National Road No.17
and 117 were seriously damaged by Niigata Chuetsu earthquake on October 23,
2004. The damages of tunnels having high performance of aseismicity
characterized this earthquake. They occurred not only at portals but also in
intermediate section of tunnels. This paper reports the status of damages of
railway tunnels and the repair works.
[Vol. 36, No.4 April] 2005
Extruded Concrete Lining Method applied
to Mountainous Tunnelling
Sambongihara Tunnel Project of Tohoku Sinkansen（Superexpress Railway）
By Mikio Sasaki, Japan
Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency
Sambongihara Tunnel
of Tohoku Sinkansen having a small cover is located in unstable ground with
high water pressure. This tunnel was excavated with the NATM and had some
troubles such as collapses at face. To settle these troubles, the extruded
concrete lining method（the ECL method） using a TBM is applied to the last 3000m of this tunnel. In this
section, the initial lining is performed with the castinplace concrete using
the extruded concrete method which sustains the ground pressure, and the
secondary one as a nonstructural member is done after the completion of
convergence.
The function of
extruded concrete lining corresponds to the one of the shotcrete lining of
NATM. This system is named the SEMS in this project.
This paper explains
the concept of the SENS and reports the performance early stage of this
project.
World's Largest EPB Shield applied to
Metropolitan Circular Line
By Hiroshi Dobashi, Metropolitan Expressway Public Corporation
The world's largest
EPB shield is adopted in the Shinjuku Line of Metropolitan Circular
Expressway. This paper reports the outline of this project including the
construction records such as how to stabilize the face, how to manage the
earth pressure in chamber and control the plasticity of excavated materials
and their mucking system, and the development of visual system in the
chamber. This paper also presents the tunnelling technologies such as the
novel material shield cuttable tunnel wall（NOMST）system, the long distance shield drive and the coincident construction
of shield drive and the deck slab inside tunnel.
Shield Tunnelling Project using Circular
Steel Liner Plate Shafts and fourpiece segmental LiningOchiaiRiver StormWater
Sewer Main Project
By Mitsuo Ito, Tokyo Metropolitan Government
This paper
introduces new tunnelling technologies adopted in OchiaiRiver stormwater
sewer main project by the shield method such as the shield starting and
arrival method using the circular steel liner plate and the fourpiece
segmental lining, aiming at the cost saving.
The shield-cuttable
material was used at the parts of shield start and arrival in the shafts. The
convex and concave joint was adopted in the segmental ring having smooth
inner face. At the current stage, these technologies contribute to the
success of this project.
Nakanoshima New Subway Line Construction
Project
By Motonori Nagataki, Nakanoshima Rapid Railway Co., Ltd.
Nakanoshima New
Subway Line having the length of 2.9 km and deep cover is located at the
center of Osaka City and will join Keihan Line. This new line will pass under
three existing subway lines and a river, and have four stations to be
constructed by the cut and cover method and doubletubeshingletracks by the
shield method. The geology in this section is waterbearing gravel and soft
clay. Keihan Line will be relocated at the joint part to this new line. The
construction of this new line began in 2003 and will complete in 2008. This
paper presents the outline of this project.
Bosporus Rail Link Project World's Deepest Immersed Tunnel
Project
By Hideki Sakaeda, Pacific Consultants International Co., Ltd
Bosporus Rail Link
Tunnel will be the world's deepest immersed tunnel. The construction of this
tunnel began on August 27, 2008. The followings feature this project.
1） The railway system
of this project including the tunnel crossing Bosporus Strait has a double
track and the length of 13.6 km.
2） The depth between
the surface of seawater and the bottom of tunnel is up to 60 m.
3） The tide of
Bosporus Strait is very fast.
4） This railway
system improves the commuting condition in Istanbul.
5） The fault that
would cause big earthquake is near this area.
This project is
done with the ODA from Japan. After the completion of this railway system
scheduled on March 2010, the Oriental Express, whose terminal station is now
Sirkeci will cross Bosporus Strait.
Inspection of Voids between Lining and
Ground using Rotary Percussion System
By Kenji Oshima, Japan Highway Corporation
Conventionally, the
coredrilling method has been used to investigate voids between tunnel lining
and ground. This method needs long time and much cost relatively. The newly
developed PVM system using rotary percussion has settled these problems. This
system having the function of rapid drilling gives us the precise condition
of lining and status of voids between lining and ground with short time
relatively. This paper presents this system.
[Vol. 36, No. 3 March] 2005
Tunnel Construction in unstable Ground using
Ground Improvement Method
Hokuriku Shinkansen （Super Express Railway）, Kurobe Tunnel No.1
By Takahiko Yabe,
Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency
Kurobe Tunnel No.1
of Hokuriku Shinkansen with a length of 920 m is located in Kurobe City,
Toyama Prefecture and excavated in the unstable alluvium cone with a small
cover of 2 to 10 m. The construction yard was made at the intermediate point
of this tunnel. In consideration of the ground condition and environmental
one, the forepoling method with the chemical injection as an auxiliary method
was adopted between the Takasaki side portal and the intermediate point （the Section A） and the ground improvement method was
done between the Toyama side portal and the intermediate point （the Section B）.
This paper presents
the construction program and the construction records including the
measurement works in the section B.
Breakthrough of Tunnel Construction in Landslide
Zone with small Cover using Intelligent Construction System Tomie Expressway No.2, Inasa Tunnel
No.2
By Satoshi Tayama, Japan Highway Public Corporation
Mountainous tunnel
excavation in small cover often causes landslide. The north portal of Inasa
Tunnel No.2 has a small cover and is located in the landslide zone. In this
tunnel project, the mechanism of landslide had to be clarified and the
measures to prevent landslide at the north portal had to be done. This paper
discusses the design and construction for tunnel in landslide zone.
Subway
Project in Bangkok Construction
of Chaloem Ratchamongkhon Railway Line
By Yoshio Otsuki, Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd.
The first subway in
Bangkok has begun the operation since July, 2004. This project was one by the
ODA from Japan and the tunnelling technology in Japan contributed to this
project. In this project, the government was in charge of the construction
project of this subway and the private sector is in charge of its operation.
This paper reports
the underground technologies applied to this project such as the rapid
inverted construction method and the diaphragm wall method using steel boxes
to construct stations, and the shield tunnelling and the technologies to
remove obstructs to construct bored tunnels.
Underground Docking Method using
Freezing Method Minamidai Sewer
Project in Tokyo
By Koushi Shibayama, Tokyo Metropolitan Government
In Minamidai sewer
project, Minamidai branch sewer with a diameter of 4.43 m constructed by the
shield tunnelling joined the bottom of Wadayayoi sewer main with a diameter of
9.4 m having a function of storage at the depth of 50 m. The opening of joint
part by the removal of segments of the sewer main is oval shaped （its lateral diameter is 4.8 m and its vertical diameter is 6.0 m.） At the docking zone, the freezing method was adopted to stabilize
ground and to prevent water inflow after removing segments. During the
docking works, the measurement of opening part and the control of temperature
in the ground at the joint part ware strictly done.
This paper reports
the planning, design and construction of docking works.
Measurement of Behavior of long
Forepoling Pipe in Site
By Haruo Sasao, Tekken Corporation
This paper reports
the results of analysis of measurement of tunnel constructed with the All
Ground Fasten method as an auxiliary method, which is one of the forepoling
methods using long steel pipes. The purpose of measurement was to clarify the
support mechanism of forepoling pipes and the behavior of ground. The
deflection of forepoling steel pipes to find out vertical displacement at
tunnel crown of ground ahead of face, the axial force of forepoling steel
pipes at tunnel crown to recognize their axial force and bending moment were
measured. In the section without the forepoling, the measurement of
deflection of PVC piles at tunnel crown was performed. The results of
measurement of deflection of pipes in the section with forepoling pipes and
the one without forepoling pipes were compared in this study.
[Vol. 36, No. 2 February] 2005
Application of Face Bolting to
Box Pulling Method underpassing Railway
RoadUnderpassingRailway Project in JRKaminopporo Station
By Yasuhito Konishi, Hokkaido Railway Company
The Kaminopporo BV
Project is the construction one that a new road underpasses the existing
JRChitose Railway. The geology in this site is saturated clayey fill. In
consideration of such ground condition, in this project, the face bolting
method was adopted to stabilize the face instead of the ground improvement
such as chemical injection that would gives negative impacts to the railway.
Before the application of this method, the numerical simulation was done to
clarify the mechanism of fracture of ground.
This paper reports
the consistency of the abovementioned simulation before construction and the
results of measurement during construction, and the drilling method as a
appropriate method in this project for the costsaving and reduction of
construction period.
Construction
of GlassesShaped Twin Tunnel without Side Drifts and temporary Lining of
Pilot Tunnel Daimonji Tunnel
Project of Main Local Road IbarakiKameoka Line
By Akio Takahashi, Osaka Municipal Government
Usually, in
execution of glassesshaped twin tunnel, center pillar and side walls are
complete after the construction of center drift and side drifts and lining of
them. In the Daimonji Tunnel Project, the construction of glassesshaped twin
tunnel was successfully performed without side drifts and temporary lining of
pilot tunnel for the cost saving, reduction of construction period and
improvement of quality of structure. This paper presents the procedure of
design and the construction with the measurement.
Underpinning of Foundation of Subway
Ginza Line in Shibuya Station
Subway No.13 Project
By Takaaki Nishimura, Tokyo Metro Co., LTD
Subway No.13 in
Tokyo that is now under construction will start from Ikebukuro Station and
reach Shibuya Station through MeijiDori Street with the length of 8.9 km.
Subway Ginza Line has a viaduct structure and overpasses Shibuya Station with
6 piers of 2column type in MeijiDori Street that has heavy traffic volume.
These piers have footing foundations, which height is 1.0 m, with pine piles.
These piles are at the depth of G.L.0.8 to 1.2 m and located in the
construction section of Subway No.13 to be executed by the cut and cover
method. They have to be removed before the construction of Subway No.13. Due
to this construction condition, the load of Ginza Line shall be replaced by
the underpinning method using new beams to be added to the both side of each
footing and new piles in consideration of the traffic condition.
This paper introduces the planning of replacement
works of footings.
Construction
of Sewer Tunnel Project by Shield Method and Public Relations on it for
Resident Arisugawa Sewer Main in
Kyoto City
By Takashi Dairaku, Kyoto Municipal Government
The project of
Arisugawa Sewer Main is one part of the storm water storage project in Kyoto
City. This tunnel is located under the narrow road leading to the sightseeing
site. In consideration of environmental matters, this sewer main was
constructed by the shield method with long distance driving to minimize works
on the ground surface and without the secondary lining to reduce the
construction period. The facilities in the site were covered with soundproof
structures.
Kyoto Municipal
Government organized the public relations on this project such as the site
visits and explanatory meetings for the resident actively.
This paper presents
the outline of shield tunnel works and the public relations for resident.
Monitoring System of Tunnel Lining using
Optical Fiber
By Yoshiyuki Kojima, Railway Technical Research Institute
Usually, the
measurement of convergence of tunnel or width of cracks using strain gauges
and crack gauges is done to monitor deformation of lining and negative
impacts given to existing structures by tunnel excavation. If this method is
adopted to monitor the condition of long tunnel for long time, it needs great
efforts and energies. To settle this matter, we study on the remote control
monitoring system using the optical fiber. This system can monitor the change
of strain of lining continuously.
This paper
introduces our studies, especially, the loading test using miniature model,
the insitu test and measurement management system.
[Vol. 36 No. 1 January] 2005
Application of Protection Embankment
Method to Tunnel Excavation having very shallow Hokuriku Shinkansen （Superexpress） Line, Koushasan Section
By Junichi Yorita, Japan Railway Construction, Transportation and
Technology Agency
The south section
of Koushasan Tunnel of Hokuriku Shinkansen Railway Project has a length of
1,500 m and the cover within the distance of 280m from the portals is up to 5
m and the one within the distance of 80 m from the portals ranges from 1 to 2
m. In this construction condition, the protection of tunnel cover area is
absolutely necessary using the embank method. On the embankment to be
constructed, orchards, roads and waterways will be located and the negative
impact by tunnel construction to them shall be mitigated. In the design
stage, the traffic load to the tunnel having the very shallow cover shall be
considered. This paper reports the tunnel construction using the protection
embank method.
Construction of twin tunnel in diluvial
sand with shallow cover Tobuki Tunnel of ShinTakiyama Kaido Street in
MinamiTama
By Takayuki Tanaka, Tokyo Metropolitan Government
Tobuki Tunnel is
one part of ShinTakiyama Kaido Street, a glassesshaped twin tunnel, and has a
length of 600 m jointing Sairicho of Hachioji City and Akiru Bridge of
Akiruno City, and a shallow cover. This tunnel was constructed in the
diluvial sand strata by the NATM and passes a river. One subject of this
tunnel project was to save the construction period because the construction
of twin tunnel has relatively many steps. To solve this matter, the closure
of invert of the preceding tunnel and the excavation of following tunnel were
done coincidently. Before the construction, the safety of tunnel structure,
especially, the one of center pillar, was checked by the FEM. This paper
describes the major points of construction, the measures to pass the river
and the measurement during the construction.
Water supply tunnel by DoubleJack Shield
Method in Tama, Tokyo
By Tsuneo Sato, Tokyo Metropolitan Government
TamaKyuryo Water
Supply Line Main joins Hijirigaoka Water Work Station in Tama City and
Haijima Pumping Station in Akishima City, and has a length of 31.6km and a
diameter of 1500㎜. The first stage of this project is a
tunnel construction of water supply with a length of 12.6km between
Hijirigaoka Water Work Station and Yarimizuoyama Water Work Station. The
first stage of this project is to construct a water supply tunnel by the
shield tunnel method, jointing Yarimizuoyama Water Work Station and Oyamacho
in Machida City. This paper presents the outline of the first stage of the
first section such as the planning of alignment and the process of selection
of construction method In this project, the doublejack shield tunnelling
method which enables the coincident works of the shield advance and the
assembling of segmental lining is adopted.
Tokyo Metro Line No.13 by Shield
Tunnelling The last Subway Line in Tokyo
By Ikuo Fujiki, Tokyo Metro Co., LTD
Tokyo Metro Co.,
LTD is now constructing Tokyo Metro Line No.13 between Ikebukuro and Shibuya,
which will be under operation in 2007. This subway line will be the last one
to be constructed in Tokyo area by Tokyo Metro Co., LTD which has constructed
the subway network of Tokyo area since the execution of Marunouchi Line.
Technically, integrated tunnelling technologies and newly developed ones in
Japan to construct subway tunnels and stations are adopted in this project.
This paper introduces the outline of tunnel construction by the shield tunnel
method in this project.
Development of Side Ramp Junction
Construction Technology by Bored Tunnelling Method
By Toru Terayama, Tokyo Metropolitan Expressway Public
Corporation
Junction which
joins expressway in underground and roads at grade is usually constructed
with the cut and cover method. Tokyo Metropolitan Expressway Public
Corporation （MEX） developed the safe
and rational construction method of ramp junction and researched reliable
structure of it. This method is to enlarge underground space by the bored
tunnelling method such as the shield method, and enables to construct ramp
junction jointing shield tunnel and surface in densely populated urban areas
where shaft cannot be excavated by the cut and cover method. MEX proposes the
technology to construct ramp junction by the bored tunnelling method in this
paper.
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